Central banks are institutions that are responsible for managing a country's monetary policy and regulating its financial system. They are also known as reserve banks or national banks. The primary function of central banks is to control the money supply, stabilize prices, and promote economic growth.

Interest rates, on the other hand, refer to the cost of borrowing money. Central banks use interest rates as a tool to influence economic activity by adjusting the cost of borrowing. If interest rates are high, it becomes more expensive for individuals and businesses to borrow money, which can slow down economic growth. Conversely, if interest rates are low, it becomes easier for individuals and businesses to borrow money, which can stimulate economic growth.

Central banks play a crucial role in the foreign exchange market, or Forex, which is the market where currencies are bought and sold. The value of a country's currency is influenced by many factors, including economic conditions, political stability, and interest rates. Central banks can influence the value of their country's currency by adjusting interest rates. When a central bank raises interest rates, it makes that country's currency more attractive to foreign investors, leading to an increase in demand and an appreciation in the value of the currency. Conversely, when a central bank lowers interest rates, it makes that country's currency less attractive to foreign investors, leading to a decrease in demand and a depreciation in the value of the currency.

The key responsibilities of central banks in the global financial ecosystem include:

• Maintaining price stability: Central banks aim to keep inflation low and stable to promote sustainable economic growth.

• Ensuring financial stability: Central banks regulate and supervise financial institutions to prevent financial crises and protect consumers.

• Promoting economic growth: Central banks use monetary policy tools, such as interest rates, to stimulate or slow down economic growth as needed.

• Conducting foreign exchange operations: Central banks buy and sell currencies to maintain stability in the foreign exchange market and manage their country's international reserves.

• Acting as lender of last resort: Central banks provide emergency liquidity to financial institutions in times of crisis to prevent systemic financial instability.

Here are some of the main central banks around the world:

• Federal Reserve System (Fed) - United States

• European Central Bank (ECB) - Eurozone

• Bank of Japan (BOJ) - Japan

• Bank of England (BOE) - United Kingdom

• People's Bank of China (PBOC) - China

• Swiss National Bank (SNB) - Switzerland

• Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) - Australia

• Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) - New Zealand

• Bank of Canada (BOC) - Canada

• Bank of Mexico (Banxico) - Mexico

Overall, central banks and their policies play a critical role in shaping the global financial ecosystem and influencing the Forex market. Their actions can have far-reaching consequences for economies and financial markets around the world.